The Salamanca Statement
In June 1994 representatives
of 92 governments and 25 international organizations formed the World
Conference on Special Needs Education, held in Salamanca, Spain. They agreed a
dynamic new Statement on the education of all disabled children, which called for
inclusion to be the norm. In addition,
the Conference adopted a new Framework for Action, the guiding principle of
which is that ordinary schools should accommodate all children, regardless of
their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other
conditions.
The Statement begins with a
commitment to Education for All, recognizing the necessity and urgency of
providing education for all children, young people and adults 'within the
regular education system.' It says those
children with special educational needs 'must have access to regular schools'
and that regular schools with this inclusive orientation are the most effective
means of combating discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities,
building an inclusive society and achieving education for all; moreover, they
provide an effective education to the majority of children and improve the
efficiency and ultimately the cost-effectiveness of the entire education
system.
The Statement also calls on
the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive schooling and
to support the development of special needs education as an integral part of
all education programs. In particular it calls on UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP and the
World Bank for this endorsement.
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